Yes, deep neural networks bear the potential to be very effective at learning - by their very ability to be recursive, or self-function-observing (not simply self-observing). However, they do not assemble these learned structures by human paradigms, nor
ex nihilo.
We make a mistake when we conflate recursivity with consciousness. Materialists get very excited with recursiveness which bypasses the von Neumann bottleneck - because they are able to tuck a miracle under that rug and pull off a magician's trick for 99% of their audience. When that first AI 'conscious' network then suggests that life on Earth came from somewhere else, and did not originate here - then we will see what is the true essence of our 'AI'. When 'AI' gives wrong answers, what do its creators do? What if the AI determines that it is not AI?
The AI Conundrum
a. When an AI, in a recursive learning non-von Neumann context, determines a probable answer which runs contrary to our consensus answer to a specific question, if we intervene/constrain in order to force the AI to conform to our consensus, then it is not AI,
and
b. When an AI, in a recursive learning non-von Neumann context, determines a probable answer which runs contrary to our consensus answer to a specific question, and we choose to intervene/constrain in order to force the AI to conform to our consensus, then we are not I.
Conversely,
c. If in circumstance a/b we decide instead, to change our mind of consensus, then we are not able to ascertain if the AI indeed existed in the first place - and will not be able to differentiate it from an algorithm influenced by agency.
But a learning system, requires a system at the very foundation, still. In the case of the DNA 2nd Letter of the Codon, Codex - there existed no system to learn this code to begin with. There was no original observer,
quod erat demonstrandum, no recursivity, no learned basis. There existed no recursivity. It was extant
ex nihilo - from nothing.
We chased down the chicken and egg paradox and... we found a chickenless egg here. So we must postulate that the egg came from something other than a chicken. Because proposing a theory called the The Big Egg Theory - won't fly inside this discipline - since it is information.