If we look at the various points that are raised there, most seem to relate to performance, but I would argue that performance isn't the primary issue - there is simply no way to solve the problem however many computer resources are thrown at it. Let's deal with the numbered points one by one:
Difference # 1: Brains are analogue; computers are digital
IMHO, this is a non-issue. Computers may be digital, but they handle floating point numbers just as well - in fact far better - than any analog hardware - which is why analog computation has fallen out of fashion.
Difference # 2: The brain uses content-addressable memory
This can only be a conjecture at this time, and CAM can only provide a speed up - a suitably fast conventional computer can simply search through the memory for the relevant data. Software developers use all sorts of tricks to improve the performance in typical cases.
Difference # 3: The brain is a massively parallel machine; computers are modular and serial
Once again, this is only a performance issue. In general, parallel computation is much harder to specify that sequential operation.
Difference # 4: Processing speed is not fixed in the brain; there is no system clock
Why would that be a gain - designing a computer that way would be a nightmare!
Difference # 5 – Short-term memory is not like RAM
This is not really an issue at all. It only seems real because computer people use the word 'memory' to refer to something that is rather low level. However software can build all sorts of complex entities over the top of this.
Difference # 6: No hardware/software distinction can be made with respect to the brain or mind
This seems a completely useless distinction, except that the article clams that the mind emerges from the brain! IMHO this claim is too vague to consider further.
Difference # 7: Synapses are far more complex than electrical logic gates
Again this is irrelevant. Logic gates are the lowest level of a computer, and all sorts of higher level constructs are built on top of them.
Difference #8: Unlike computers, processing and memory are performed by the same components in the brain
Again, this doesn't offer any obvious advantage.
Difference # 9: The brain is a self-organizing system
Programs can do operations that are equivalent to self organising. For example, there are neural net models that can do stuff like this, but in practice they are usually implemented on a computer for convenience.
Difference # 10: Brains have bodies
This is a sign of desperation - think what Steven Hawking's mind can do, despite his body being more or less defunct. Besides, if a body were required, a computer program could surely simulate one. Perhaps this is really a sneaky way of saying that there is something special about biological matter - something that would upset conventional biologists :)
Bonus Difference: The brain is much, much bigger than any [current] computer
Originally AI used the excuse that it had to wait for sufficient computer resources. This excuse more or less dried up in the 1990's, because by then there was more resource available than people knew what to do with!
David